Preface

PART I. LIFE HISTORY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
1. Ecology of Cavity and Foliage Roosting Bats
Thomas H. Kunz and Linda F. Lumsden
Introduction
Types of Roosts
Morphological and Behavioral Adaptations for Roosting
Colony Size
Roost Fidelity
Influence of Roost Selection on Social Organization and Mating Systems
Relationships between Roosting and Foraging Behavior
Conservation of Cavity and Foliage Roosting Bats
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

2. Sensory Ecology and Communication in the Chiroptera
John D. Altringham and M. Brock Fenton
Introduction
Seven Species
The Senses
Sound: Echolocation to Communication
Multimodal Communication
Mother-Young Communication
Some Challenges
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

3. Bats and Balls: Sexual Selection and Sperm Competition in the Chiroptera
Gerald S. Wilkinson and Gary F. McCracken
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

4. Ecology of Bat Migration
Theodore H. Fleming and Peggy Eby
Introduction
Definition of Migration
Why Migrate?
Who Migrates?
Physiological Consequences of Migration
Life History, Social, Population Genetic, and Community Consequences of Migration
Conservation Consequences of Migration
Basic Differences between the Migratory Ecology of Birds and Bats
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

5. Life Histories of Bats: Life in the Slow Lane
Robert M. R. Barclay and Lawrence D. Harder
Introduction
Life-History Data
Life Histories of Bats
The Unique Biology of Bats
Testing Hypotheses regarding Life-History Evolution
The Consequences of Polyovulation for Life-History Variation among Bats
The Fast-Slow Continuum among Bats
Scenario for the Evolution of Bat Life Histories
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

PART II. FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
6. Ecomorphology of Bats: Comparative and Experimental Approaches Relating Structural Design to Ecology
Sharon M. Swartz, Patricia W. Freeman, and Elizabeth F. Stockwell
Introduction
Correlational Approaches to Assessing Form and Its Ecological Significance
Function-Focused Approaches to Morphological Analysis
Computer Modeling Approaches in Ecomorphology
Phylogenetic Considerations in Ecomorphology
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

7. Attack and Defense: Interactions between Echolocating Bats and Their Insect Prey
Gareth Jones and Jens Rydell
Introduction
Echolocation and Insectivory in Early Bats
Which Insects Are Eaten by Bats and When?
How Bats Detect and Capture Insects
Capture Success and Prey Selection
Insect Defenses against Bat Predation
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

8. Glossophagine Bats and Their Flowers: Costs and Benefits for Plants and Pollinators
Otto von Helversen and York Winter
Introduction
How Flowers Are Made Conspicuous for Pollinating Bats
Energy and Food Resource Requirements
Scaling of Energy Expenditures and Community Assembly Rules
Evolution of Bat Pollination
Transitions between Pollination Systems
Loose Ends and Directions for Future Research
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

9. Bats and Fruits: An Ecomorphological Approach
Elizabeth R. Dumont
Introduction
Fruits as Food
Patterns of Resource Use
Directions for Future Research
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

10. Physiological Ecology and Energetics of Bats
John R. Speakman and Donald W. Thomas
Introduction
A Primer on Heat Flow, Metabolic Rate, and the Regulation of Body Temperature
Resting Energy Expenditure of Euthermic Bats
Regulation of Body Temperature and the Use of Torpor by Bats
Flight and the Energetic Costs of Locomotion
Estimating and Measuring Field Metabolic Rate in Bats
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

PART III. MACROECOLOGY
11. Evolution of Ecological Diversity in Bats
Nancy B. Simmons and Tenley M. Conway
Introduction
Early Evolution of Bats
Evolution of Foraging Habits in Extant Families
Chiropteran Body Size
Evolution of Biogeographic Patterns
Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

12. Trophic Strategies, Niche Partitioning, and Patterns of Ecological Organization
Bruce D. Patterson, Michael R. Willig, and Richard D. Stevens
Introduction
Conceptual Underpinnings and Terminology
Bat Ensembles and Their Characteristics
Broad-Scale Patterns in the Organization of Local Bat Assemblages and Ensembles
Overview and Prospectus
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

13. Patterns of Range Size, Richness, and Body Size in the Chiroptera
Michael R. Willig, Bruce D. Patterson, and Richard D. Stevens
Introduction
Patterns of Species Range Size
Patterns of Species Richness
Patterns of Body Size
Overview
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

14. Bats, Emerging Virus Infections, and the Rabies Paradigm
Sharon L. Messenger, Charles E. Rupprecht, and Jean S. Smith
Introduction
A Primer of Terms
Biological Attributes of Bats and Disease Facilitation
Bats and the Recent Emergence of New Viral Diseases
Disease Ecology in Bats: The Rabies Paradigm
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited

15. Conservation Ecology of Bats
Paul A. Racey and Abigail C. Entwistle
Introduction
Conservation Status of Bats
Threats to Bat Populations
Ecological Requirements of Bats
Development of Conservation Approaches
Epilogue
Acknowledgements
Literature Cited

List of Contributors
Author Index
Species Index
Subject Index

Thomas H. Kunz is professor of biology and director of the Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology at Boston University. He is coeditor, most recently, of Bat Biology and Conservation. M. Brock Fenton is professor of biology at the University of Western Ontario. He is the author of, among other books, The Bat: Wings in the Night Sky and Bats, revised edition.


Contributors:
- John D. Altringham
- Robert M. R. Barclay
- Tenley M. Conway
- Elizabeth R. Dumont
- Peggy Eby
- Abigail C. Entwistle
- Theodore H. Fleming
- Patricia W. Freeman
- Lawrence D. Harder
- Gareth Jones
- Linda F. Lumsden
- Gary F. McCracken
- Sharon L. Messenger
- Bruce D. Patterson
- Paul A. Racey
- Jens Rydell
- Charles E. Rupprecht
- Nancy B. Simmons
- Jean S. Smith
- John R. Speakman
- Richard D. Stevens
- Elizabeth F. Stockwell
- Sharon M. Swartz
- Donald W. Thomas
- Otto von Helversen
- Gerald S. Wilkinson
- Michael R. Willig
- York Winter