Preface G. Hohmann, C. Boesche and L. F. Marchant
Main introduction C. Boesche

Part I. Behavioural Flexibility: Introduction T. Matsuzawa
1. Multivariate and phylogenetic approaches to understanding chimpanzee and bonobo behavioural diversity D. M. Doran, W. L. Jungers, Y. Sugiyama, J. G. Fleagle and C. P. Heesy
2. Chimpanzees in the dry habitats of Mont Assirik, Senegal and Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda K. D. Hunt and W. C. McGrew
3. Behavioural adaptations to water scarcity in Tongo chimpanzees A. Lanjouw
4. Bonobos of the Lukuru Wildlife Research Project J. Myers-Thompson
5. Grooming-hand-clasp in Mahale M Group chimpanzees: implications for culture in social behaviours M. Nakamura

Part II. Social Relations: Introduction V. Reynolds
6. Factors influencing fission-fusion grouping in chimpanzees in the Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire D. P. Anderson, E. V. Nordheim and C. Boesch
7. Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee party size and composition J. C. Mitani, D. P. Watts and J. S. Lwanga
8. Agonistic relations among Kanyawara chimpanzees M. N. Muller
9. Relationships of male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda N. E. Newton-Fisher
10. Dynamics in social organisation of bonobos (Pan paniscus) G. Hohmann and B. Fruth

Part III. Female Strategies: The Females That Did Evolve: Introduction M. F. Small
11. Why female bonobos have a lower copulation rate during estrus than chimpanzees T. Furuichi and C. Hashimoto
12. Social relationships between cycling females and adult males in Mahale chimpanzees A. Matsumoto-Oda
13. Seasonal aspects of reproduction and sexual behaviour in two chimpanzee populations: a comparison of Gombe (Tanzania) and Budongo (Uganda) J. Wallis
14. Costs and benefits of grouping for female chimpanzees at Gombe J. M. Williams, H.-Y. Liu and A. E. Pusey
15. The cost of sexual attraction: is there a trade-off in female Pan between sex appeal and received coercion? R. Wrangham

Part IV. Hunting and Food Sharing: Introduction L. F. Marchant
16. Variations in chimpanzee–red colobus interactions C. Boesch, S. Uehara and H. Ihobe
17. How bonobos handle hunts and harvests: why share food? B. Fruth and G. Hohmann
18. Hunting and meat sharing by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda D. P. Watts and J. C. Mitani

Part V. Genetic Diversity:
19. The evolutionary genetics and molecular ecology of chimpanzees and bonobos B. J. Bradley and L. Vigilant

References
Index

Christophe Boesche is a Scientific Director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. Gottfried Hohmann is a research assistant at the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. Linda F. Marchant is Professor of Biological Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology at Miami University, Ohio, USA