Part I. Introduction: 1. Ecology and biogeography of Pinus - an introduction D. Richardson and P. Rundel; Part II. Evolution, Phylogeny and Systematics: 2. Phylogeny and sytematics of Pinus R. Price, A. Liston and S. Strauss; 3. Early evolution of pines C. Millar; Part III. Historical Biogeography: 4. The late Quaternary history of pines in northern Asia C. Kremenetski, K. Liu and G. MacDonald; 5. The late Quaternary history of pines in Europe K. Willis, K. Bennet and J. Birks; 6. The late Quaternary history of pines in northern North America G. MacDonald, L. Cwynar and C. Whitlock; 7. The history of pines in Mexico and Central America J. Perry, A. Graham, and D. Richardson; Part IV. Macroecology and Recent Biogeography: 8. Pines of the Mediterrranean Basin M. Barbero, R. Loisel, P. Quezel, D. Richardson and F. Romane; 9. The recent history of pinyon pines in the American southwest R. Lanner and T. van Devender; 10. Macroecological limits to the abundance and distribution of Pinus G. Stevens and B. Enquist; Part V. Ecological Themes: 11. Fire and pine ecosystems J. Agee; 12. Evolution and life histories of Pinus J. Keely and P. Zedler; 13. Genetic variation in Pinus F. Ledig; 14. Seed dispersal in Pinus R. Lanner; 15. Ecophysiology of Pinus P. Rundel and B. Yoder; 16. The mycorrhizal state of Pinus D. Read; 17. Effects of pines on soil properties and processes M. Scholes and T. Nowicki; 18. Insect-pine interactions P. de Groot and J. Turgeon; 19. Diseases and the ecology of indigenous and exotic pines T. Harrington and M. Wingfield; Part VI. Pines and Humans: 20. Pines in cultivation: a global view D. Le Maitre; 21. Pinus radiata: a narrow endemic of North America takes on the world P. Lavery and D. Mead; 22. Pines as invaders in the southern hemisphere D. Richardson and S. Higgins; Glossary; Glossary of English common names for pines; Taxonomic index; Subject index.