Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Part 3A2: Temnospondyli I

From the preface:

"The present volume, Temnospondyli I by Drs. R. R. Schoch (Stuttgart) and A. R. Milner (London), represents the long-awaited companion to Part 3B by the same team of authors, which dealt with one major clade of temnospondyls, Stereospondyli. A third volume (Part 3A1) by Professor J. A. Clack and Dr. A. R. Milner will discuss stem tetrapods and the proximate sister-taxa of Tetrapoda (Tetrapodomorpha). Such has been the pace of discoveries of and research on stem amphibians and stem tetrapods in recent decades that the editor and publisher decided to issue Volume 3 of the Handbook of Paleoherpetology in three rather than two parts to do justice to the wealth of available information. It is to be hoped that these syntheses will provide important sources of data for all researchers concerned with the early evolution of tetrapods.

Although temnospondyls have been the subject of scientific study since the first half of the nineteenth century, these tetrapods received relatively little scientific attention for many years. Romer’s (1947) monographic review of all taxa known at that time was foundational. It compiled and synthesized the widely scattered information on the diversity and morphology of temnospondyls and established a series of major grades among these tetrapods. During the second half of the twentieth century, the study of temnospondyls experienced a major renaissance. In addition to increasingly detailed studies on the morphology of previously known as well as new taxa, researchers explored the ontogeny of various temnospondyls and, using the explicitly phylogenetic methods, elucidate the evolutionary history of Temnospondyli, with special reference to their relationships to extant amphibians. The latter subject remains contentious, but most researchers now would argue for a sister-group relationship between one particular clade of Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea, and at least Batrachia (comprising Anura and Caudata).

The authors of the present volume have long been the leaders in the study of temnospondyl morphology and phylogeny and have personally examined most of the important specimens. Most recently, Schoch (2013) published a major analysis of temnospondyl interrelationships, which provides the phylogenetic framework for the present review."

Editor’s Preface V
Institutional abbreviations VI
Abbreviations used in the figures VIII
Introduction 1
Historical Overview 4
Comparative Anatomy of Temnospondyli 5
Systematic Paleontology 17
Temnospondyli ZITTEL, 1888 17
   Temnospondyl classification 17
   Edopoidea ROMER, 1945b 18
   Edopidae ROMER, 1945b 18
   Edops ROMER, 1936 18
   Cochleosauridae BROILI, 1923 20
   Adamanterpeton MILNER & SEQUEIRA, 1998 21
   Chenoprosopus MEHL, 1913 21
   Cochleosaurus FRITSCH, 1885a 21
   Nigerpeton SIDOR et al., 2005 24
   Procochleosaurus SEQUEIRA, 1996 24
   Cochleosauridae incertae sedis 24
   Eutemnospondyli SCHOCH, 2013 24
   Dendrerpetidae FRITSCH, 1885a (as Dendrerpetontidae) 24
   Dendrerpeton OWEN, 1853 25
   Dendrysekos STEEN, 1934 26
   Balanerpeton MILNER & SEQUEIRA, 1994 26
   Rhachitomi WATSON, 1919 sensu SCHOCH, 2013 28
   Dvinosauria YATES & WARREN, 2000 28
   Eugyrinus WATSON, 1921 28
   Trimerorhachidae COPE, 1882b 29
   Trimerorhachis COPE, 1878b 30
   Neldasaurus CHASE, 1965 33
   Lafonius BERMAN, 1973 33
   Unnamed clade Erpetosaurus + Dvinosauroidea 34
   Erpetosaurus MOODIE, 1909b 34
   Dvinosauroidea SÄVE-SÖDERBERGH 1935 34
   Eobrachyopidae SHISHKIN, 1964 34
   Isodectes COPE, 1896c 34
   Acroplous HOTTON, 1959 35
   Dvinosauroidea incertae sedis 35
   Not referable to Dvinosauroidea 35
   Dvinosauridae WATSON, 1919 36
   Dvinosaurus AMALITZKY, 1921 36
   Tupilakosauridae KUHN, 1960 37
   Tupilakosaurus NIELSEN, 1954 37
   Slaugenhopia OLSON, 1962 39
   Batrachosuchoides SHISHKIN, 1966 39
   Kourerpeton OLSON & LAMMERS, 1976 39
   Thabanchuia WARREN, 1999 40
   Tupilakosauridae incertae sedis 40
   Dvinosauria incertae sedis 40
   Dawsonerpeton ZAJÍC, 1984 40
   Dissorophoidea BOLT, 1969 42
   Micromelerpetidae BOY, 1972 42
   Branchierpeton BOY, 1972b 42
   Eimerisaurus BOY, 2002a 43
   Limnogyrinus MILNER, 1986 43
   Micromelerpeton BULMAN & WHITTARD, 1926 44
   Nyranerpeton WERNEBURG, 2012 45
   Micromelerpetidae incertae sedis 46
   Xerodromes, new taxon 46
   Branchiosauridae FRITSCH, 1879 46
   Apateon MEYER, 1844 46
   Branchiosaurus FRITSCH, 1876 48
   Leptorophus BULMAN & WHITTARD, 1926 50
   Melanerpeton FRITSCH, 1878 50
   Schoenfelderpeton BOY, 1986 52
   Branchiosauridae incertae sedis 52
   Eumicrerpeton MOODIE, 1910 52
   Milnererpeton HUNT et al., 2002 52
   Tungussogyrinus EFREMOV, 1939 52
   Additional branchiosaurid material 54
   Differentiation of larvae within Dissorophoidea 54
   Amphibamidae MOODIE, 1910 56
   Amphibamus COPE, 1865 56
   Doleserpeton BOLT, 1969 58
   Eoscopus DALY, 1994 58
   Georgenthalia ANDERSON et al., 2008a 60
   Gerobatrachus ANDERSON et al., 2008b 60
   Micropholis HUXLEY, 1859a 60
   Nanobamus, new genus 60
   Pasawioops FRÖBISCH & REISZ, 2008 61
   Platyrhinops STEEN, 1931 61
   Plemmyradytes HUTTENLOCKER et al., 2007 62
   Rubeostratilia BOURGET & ANDERSON, 2011 62
   Tersomius CASE, 1910 62
   Nomina dubia 63
   Limnerpeton FRITSCH, 1881 63
   Olsoniformes ANDERSON et al., 2008a 64
   Trematopidae WILLISTON, 1910a 64
   Basal trematopids 64
   Ecolsonia VAUGHN, 1969a 64
   Mordex STEEN, 1938 64
   Tambachia SUMIDA et al., 1998 65
   Derived trematopids 66
   Acheloma COPE, 1882a 66
   Actiobates EATON, 1973 67
   Anconastes BERMAN et al., 1987 67
   Fedexia BERMAN et al., 2010 67
   Phonerpeton DILKES, 1990 67
   Rotaryus BERMAN et al., 2011 68
   Dissorophidae BOULENGER, 1902 69
   Dissorophinae WILLISTON, 1910b 70
   Broiliellus WILLISTON, 1914a 70
   Dissorophus COPE, 1895 72
   Eucacopinae SCHOCH & SUES, 2013 74
   Cacops WILLISTON, 1910b 74
   Alegeinosaurus CASE, 1911 75
   Anakamacops LI & CHENG, 1999 76
   Brevidorsum CARROLL, 1964b 76
   Conjunctio CARROLL, 1964b 76
   Kamacops GUBIN, 1980 76
   Parioxys COPE, 1878a 77
   Reiszerpeton MADDIN et al., 2013 77
   Scapanops SCHOCH & SUES, 2013 77
   Zygosaurus EICHWALD, 1848 78
   Aspidosaurinae WILLISTON, 1914a 78
   Aspidosaurus BROILI, 1904 78
   Aspidosaurinae incertae sedis 79
   Platyhistricinae, new taxon 79
   Platyhistrix WILLISTON, 1911 79
   Astreptorhachis VAUGHN, 1971 80
   Dissorophidae incertae sedis 80
   Fayella OLSON, 1965a 80
   Iratusaurus GUBIN, 1980 80
   Macrerpeton MOODIE, 1909a 81
   Perryella CARLSON, 1987 82
   Stegops MOODIE, 1909a 82
   Zatracheidae COPE, 1882b 83
   Acanthostomatops KUHN, 1961a 83
   Dasyceps HUXLEY, 1859b 83
   Zatrachys COPE, 1878a 85
   Zatracheidae incertae sedis 86
   Eryopiformes SCHOCH, 2013 86
   Iberospondylus LAURIN & SOLER-GIJÓN, 2001 86
   Eryopidae COPE, 1882b 88
   Actinodon GAUDRY, 1866 88
   Eryopinae, new taxon 88
   Eryops COPE, 1878a 89
   Glaukerpeton ROMER, 1952 91
   Onchiodon GEINITZ, 1862 91
   Osteophorus MEYER, 1856 93
   Clamorosaurus GUBIN, 1983 94
   Eryopidae incertae sedis 94
   Stereospondylomorpha YATES & WARREN, 2000 95
   Stereospondyli ZITTEL, 1888 95
   Stereospondyli incertae sedis 95
   Peltobatrachus PANCHEN, 1959 95
   Brachyopoidea LYDEKKER, 1885 95
   Brachyopidae LYDEKKER, 1885 97
   Brachyops OWEN, 1854 97
   Banksiops WARREN & MARSICANO 2000a 98
   Bathignathus DAMIANI & JEANNOT, 2002 98
   Batrachosuchus BROOM, 1903 98
   Bothriceps HUXLEY, 1859a 101
   Gobiops SHISHKIN, 1991 101
   Notobrachyops COSGRIFF, 1973 101
   Platycepsion KUHN, 1961a 101
   Sinobrachyops DONG, 1985 102
   Vanastega DAMIANI & KITCHING, 2003 102
   Vigilius WARREN & MARSICANO, 2000b 102
   Xenobrachyops WARREN & HUTCHINSON, 1983 103
   Indeterminate Brachyopidae 103
   Ferganobatrachus NESSOV, 1990 103
   Plagiosauridae JAEKEL, 1914 104
   Plagiosuchinae, new taxon 104
   Plagioscutum SHISHKIN, 1986 104
   Plagiosuchus HUENE, 1922 104
   Plagiosterninae + Plagiosaurinae 106
   Plagiosaurinae JAEKEL, 1914 106
   Gerrothorax NILSSON, 1934 106
   Plagiosaurus JAEKEL, 1914 106
   Plagiosaurine from southern China 108
   Plagiosterninae SHISHKIN, 1986 108
   Aranetsia NOVIKOV & SHISHKIN, 1992 108
   Melanopelta SHISHKIN, 1967 108
   Plagiosternum FRAAS, 1896 109
   Plagiorophus KONZHUKOVA, 1955b 109
   Plagiosauridae incertae sedis 110
   Plagiobatrachus WARREN, 1985 110
   Bear Island plagiosaurid 110
   Indeterminate plagiosaurid material 110
Temnospondyli incertae sedis 111
   Saharastega SIDOR et al., 2005 111
Nomina dubia 111
   Genera 111
   Arkanserpeton LANE, 1932 111
   Euchirosaurus GAUDRY, 1879 112
   Hesperoherpeton PEABODY, 1958 112
   Nannospondylus OLSON, 1965a 112
   Pleuronoura GAUDRY, 1879 112
   Porierpeton FRITSCH, 1885b 112
   Species 112
Nomen nudum 113
Unnamed temnospondyl material from the Paleozoic 114
Not Temnospondyli 115
   Genera 115
   Austrobrachyops COLBERT & COSGRIFF, 1974 115
   Chalcosaurus MEYER, 1866 115
   Enosuchus KONZHUKOVA, 1955b 115
   Erierpeton MOODIE, 1912 115
   Erpetobrachium MOODIE, 1912 115
   Jugosuchus RIABININ, 1962 116
   Moraverpeton AUGUSTA, 1947b 116
   Species 116
Stratigraphy and occurrences 118
Ontogeny and life histories 120
Major clades of temnospondyls 123
Temnospondyl evolution 125
Literature cited 127
Index of taxa 146