Part I. Accretion and Differentiation of the Earth: 1. Composition of the silicate Earth: implications for accretion and core formation H. St. C. O'Neill and H. Palme; 2. Early differentiation of the Earth: an isotopic perspective M. T. McCulloch and V. C. Bennett; 3. Primordial solar noble gas component in the Earth: consequences for the origin and evolution of the Earth and its atmosphere I. McDougall and N. Honda; Part II. Dynamics and Evolution of the Earth's Mantle: 4. Understanding mantle dynamics through mathematical models and laboratory experiments R. W. Griffiths and J. S. Turner; 5. Plates, plumes, mantle convection and mantle evolution G. F. Davies; 6. The mantle's chemical structure: insights from the melting products of mantle plumes I. H. Campbell; 7. Pyrolite: a ringwood concept and its current expression D. H. Green and T. J. Falloon; Part III. Structure and Mechanical Behaviour of the Modern Mantle: 8. Seismic structure of the mantle - from subduction zone to craton B. L. N. Kennett and R. D. van der Hilst; 9. Composition and temperature of the Earth's mantle: seismological models interpreted through experimental studies of mantle materials I. Jackson and S. M. Rigden; 10. The viscosity of the mantle from analyses of glacial rebound phenomena K. Lambeck and P. Johnston; 11. Mantle rheology: insights from laboratory studies of the processes of deformation and phase transformation M. R. Drury and J. D. Fitz Gerald.