What Does Graptolite Origination and Extinction Reveal about the Cause of the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction?

Assesses the macroevolutionary turnover of paleotropical planktic graptolites during the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME), approximately 445 million years ago, via automated sequencing and capture-mark-recapture modelling. Graptolites exhibited a succession of turnover pulses (sensu Elizabeth Vrba) that were coincident with the main phases of the Hirnantian glaciation and during which the Diplograptina experienced declining metapopulation size, elevated extinction, zero species originations, and ultimately, complete extermination. Concurrently, the Neograptina (latest Katian temperate zone immigrants) exhibit pulses of both extinction and adaptive radiation. Thus, the LOME involved intense species selection and the wholesale alteration of the clade diversity structure of a major element of the zooplankton. The LOME is unlikely to have been a direct effect of ocean anoxia or sampling bias but rather resulted from Hirnantian climate change, which altered nutrient supplies and plankton community compositions, along with ecological displacement and loss of habitat that together drove the succession of turnover pulses.

1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions

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